Introduction of forging and development trend of forging and pressing

According to the Hongsen track small woven encounter a difficult problem, contact customers have no demand, a customer said that need to do forging talent, because the Hongsen track small woven before the understanding of hydraulic knowledge, suddenly out of this aspect of forging, a bit confused, I believe that some just intervened in the hydraulic industry. There are also such defects of knowledge.

When it comes to forging, the word "forging" may be familiar to all. The "bow" of bows and arrows used in warfare and hunting in history was forged and made. To get closer to life, we might all have played with slingshots when we were young. There was little satisfaction in breaking tree branches from trees in order to make bullets. The bow has a better shape and a comfortable way to use it. When I was a kid, I used to fix a proper fork with wire and bake it properly with fire. Slowly the branches became the shape we wanted. In fact, the principle involved forging.

Xiao Lei, a consultant in the recruitment of hydraulic talent network, also touched a lot of forged steel in Hebei iron and steel works in his early years, such as angle steel, L-shaped steel, elevator rail these steel products are forged.

Of course, forging is not so simple to use, large forging machine tools may be far beyond our imagination, to return to the truth, now solemn introduction.

Forging is one of the two major components of forging (forging and stamping), which uses forging machinery to exert pressure on the metal billet to produce plastic deformation to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, shape and size. By forging, the defects such as as as as-cast porosity can be eliminated and the microstructure can be optimized. At the same time, the mechanical properties of forgings are generally better than those of castings with the same material because of the preservation of complete metal streamline. In the related machinery, the important parts with high load and severe working conditions are usually forged, except the rolled sheets, profiles or welded parts with simple shapes.

Forging, then, is the proper name for forging and stamping, is the use of forging machinery hammers, anvils, punches or through the mold to exert pressure on the blank to produce plastic deformation, so as to obtain the desired shape and size of the forming process of parts.

In forging process, the blank has obvious plastic deformation and a large amount of plastic flow; in stamping process, the blank is formed mainly by changing the space position of each part area, and there is no large distance plastic flow in the blank. Forging is mainly used to process metal parts, but also can be used to process some non-metal, such as engineering plastics, rubber, ceramic billets, brick billets and composite materials forming.

In forging and metallurgical industries, rolling and drawing are all plastic or pressure processing, but forging is mainly used to produce metal parts, while rolling and drawing are mainly used to produce sheet, strip, pipe, section and wire materials.

At the end of the Neolithic age, humans began to make ornaments and small articles by hammering natural red copper. Cold forging technology has been used in China for more than 2000 years BC. For example, the red bronze objects unearthed from Qijia cultural site of Empress Niangtai in Wuwei, Gansu Province, have obvious hammering marks. In the middle of Shang Dynasty, using hot iron to make weapons, the heating forging process was adopted. In the late Spring and Autumn period, block-smelting wrought iron was forged by repeated heating to extrude oxide inclusions and form them.

The forging was carried out by using a hammer, and then the blank was forged by pulling a rope and pulling a pulley to lift the weight and then falling freely. After fourteenth Century, animal power and hydraulic hammer were forged.

In 1842, Smith of England made steam hammer, forging into the era of applied power. After that, forging hydraulic press, motor driven splint hammer, air hammer and mechanical press appeared. The splint hammer was first used during the American Civil War (1861-1865) to forge parts for weapons. Then the steam forging hammer appeared in Europe, and the forging process was gradually popularized. By the end of the nineteenth Century, the basic categories of modern forging machinery had been formed.

In the early 20th century, with the mass production of automobiles, hot die forging developed rapidly and became the main forging process. In the mid-20th century, hot-die forging press, flat forging press and anvil-free hammer gradually replaced the ordinary forging hammer, increased productivity, reduced vibration and noise. With the development of new forging processes such as less oxidation-free heating, high precision and long life dies, hot extrusion, forming and rolling, forging manipulators, manipulators and automatic forging production lines, the efficiency and economic results of forging production have been improved continuously.

Cold forging occurs before hot forging. Early copper, gold, silver sheets and coins were all cold forged. The application of cold forging in mechanical manufacturing has been popularized until the 20th century. Cold upsetting, cold extrusion, radial forging, rotary forging and so on have developed in succession, and gradually formed a high efficient forging process which can produce precision parts without cutting.

Early stamping only used simple tools such as shovels, shears, punches, hammers, anvils, and so on. The metal sheets (mainly copper or copper alloy sheets) were formed by hand cutting, punching, shoveling and hammering, thus making gongs, cymbals, and other musical instruments and cans. With the increase of plate production and the development of hydraulic press and mechanical press, the stamping process began to be mechanized in the mid-19th century.

Hot strip rolling began in the United States in 1905, wide strip rolling began in 1926, and then cold rolling began.